Топик: Лекции по английскому (полный курс)
Примечание. Future Indefinite не употребляется в придаточных
предложениях времени и условия:
Не
will send us a telegram as
soon as the steamer arrives.
If
I receive a letter from him, I' II let you
know.
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Он пошлет нам телеграмму, как только
прибудет пароход.
Если я получу письмо от него,
я дам вам знать.
Наряду с Future Indefinite, будущее время (действие) выражается
также посредством:
оборота
а) to be
going to... -
собираться сделать что-либо.
I am going to send him a telegram. Я собираюсь послать ему
телеграмму.
(Я пошлю ему телеграмму.)
Не is going to spend this summer Он собирается провести свои
летние vocation
in the Crimea. каникулы
в Крыму. (Он проведет...)
б)
to be + смысловой глагол
(+ing) (Настоящее продолженное время)
Не
is taking his examination on Friday.
У него экзамен в пятницу.
(Он
держит экзамен в пятницу.)
в) Present Indefinite Tense:
The steamer
sails tomorrow.
Пароход уходит завтра.
г) shall/will + модель, представленная в пункте б)
Не
will be meeting us at the station.
Он нас встретит (будет встречать) на
вокзале.
I
shall be writing to him tomorrow. Я напишу (буду
писать) ему завтра.
Эти варианты выражения будущего
действия очень часто употребляются в разговорной речи вместо Future Indefinite Tense. Особенно часто употребляется оборот to be going to для выражения намерения
какого-нибудь лица совершить действие или уверенности в его совершении.
If and When
В придаточных предложениях времени или условия для выражения
будущих действий употребляется present simple, а не future simple.
When (if) he reads this book he will give it to me.
Когда (если) он прочтет эту книгу, он даст ее мне.
I shall send him a telegram, if I do Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если не
not receive an answer to my letter, получу ответа на свое письмо.
• if you see ... / if I am
... etc. for the future. For example:
- If you see Ann this evening,
can you ask her to phone me?
We say: if you see (not
'if you will see'), if I am (not 'if I will be'). Use the present (not
'will) after if:
- If I'm late this evening, don't wait for
me. (not 'If I will be late')
- What shall we do if it rains? (not 'if
it will rain')
- If I don't feel well tomorrow, I'll stay at
home.
-When I get home this evening, I'm going to
have a shower.
Упражнения
1..Вставьте if или when:
1... I'm
late this evening, don't wait for me.
2 ........ I don't see you tomorrow, I'll
phone you.
3. Do you mind ........ I close the window?
4 _..... I get up in the morning, Г
usually drink a cup of coffee
5. Have something to eat. ........ you
don't eat now, you'll be hungry later
6 John is still 1 at school. ........ he
leaves school, he wants to go to university.
7 Be careful! ........ you aren't careful,
you'll fall.
2. I’m going to .. or
I’ll…
1. What are
you going to do when you finish college?
2. What sort
of job do you hope to get?
3. Where will
you live?
4. Where will
you live if your job is far away?
5. How will
you spend your first month’s salary?
6. Are you
going to travel to other countries?
7. Where do
you hope to go?
Тема 10
Taking phone calls. (Как принять
телефонный звонок)
1.
Can I help you?
2.
Who is calling?
3.
What name, please?
4.
Can I have… ?
5.
Could I speak to …?
6.
I’d like to …?
1.
– Good morning, Park
hotel. Can I help you?
-
I’d like to book a room
for three nights.
-
Yes, madam. Could I
have your name, please?
-
Mrs. Andrews.
2.
-___________Garden
restaurant. Can I help you?
-
_____reserve a table
for six, for Wednesday evening.
-
Yes, what name ,please?
-
My name is Jackson.
3.
– Good evening.
Fratelli’s.
-
____speak to the
manager ____?
- Yes, who is calling?
-
Mr. Evans.
4.
– Good morning, Carlton
Hotel. Can I help you?
-
Hello,______reservations
, please?
-
________please.
Make
sentences.
Example:
morning / can / help
Good morning! Can I help you?
1.
afternoon /can / help
2.
could / have / name
3.
can / have /
reservations
4.
could / speak / manager
5.
could / book / single
room / two nights
6.
could / speak / John
7.
could / reserve table /
for six
8.
can / have / room
service
B. making
requests with “I’d like to … “
Make
sentences.
Example:
book / single room / three nights
I’d like to book a single room for three nights.
1.
book / double room /
two nights
2.
reserve / table for two
/ Tuesday evening
3.
book / single room /
four nights
4.
speak / manager
5.
reserve / table for
four / Saturday / 8 p.m.
6.
send / an application
form
7.
invite / guests /
weekend
8.
listen / cassette /
jass
New words to use:
to
book manager number table
double name reserve
application form
full night single
room service
S U M M A R Y
Now you can ( теперь Вы можете):
Answer the
telephone politely ( отвечать на звонок вежливо ) –
“- Good morning.
Can I help you?”
Ask for things (попросить что-либо) –
“ - Could I have
your name, please?”
Understand, what
people want ( понять, о чем Вас просят ) –
“ - I’d like a
single room.”
“ - Could
I speak to the manager, please?”
Ask who is on the
phone ( спросить, кто звонит) –
“ - Who is
calling?”
Extra words: Days
of the week –
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Numbers
– twenty three( but the twenty third)
Giving
information.
1.
The hotel is in the
center of the city.
2.
There’s a sauna.
3.
There are two bars.
4.
The cost is $ 16. 50.
5.
I’m Mr. Evans.
6.
My name’s Evans.
Заполните
пропуски. Используйте краткие формы , где возможно
My name (1)_____
Mr Black. I (2)____ the manager of the Savoy Hotel. The hotel (3)
_____ in Main Street. There (4) _____ 100 double rooms and 20 single
rooms. (5) __________ a bar and a restaurant. There (6) ______ table d’hote
meals at lunchtime and table d’hote and a’ la carte in the evening.
New words to
use .
a’ la
carte exchange bureau per
bar
exit sauna
car
park disable facilities special
center
information street
city
meal swimming pool
coffee
shop man’s toilet table d’hote
course
menu women’s toilet
Extra words
Currencies:
Pounds, Dollars, Francs, Marcs, Crowns, Yen, Pesetas
Numbers.
Taking reservations. (Как
принять предварительный заказ )
1)
What time do you serve
lunch?
2)
Are you open every day?
3)
from Tuesday to Sunday
4)
on Monday
5)
at 1 p.m.
6)
What name is it?
7)
How many for?
Questions and answers in the Present Simple tense are for
routines, timetable, and everyday state of things.
Examples:
Does he speak
English?
Yes, he does. No
he doesn’t.
Do you serve
lunch?
Yes, we do. No, we
don’t.
What time do you
serve lunch?
We serve lunch
from 12.00 to 2.30.
How much does a
single room costs?
It costs 55 pounds.
A. Answer these
questions. Use short answers.
Example: “Do you
serve lunch?”
“Yes we do.”
1)
Do you serve dinner?
No,__
2)
Do you speak English?
Yes,__
3)
Do you have a single
room for tonight? No,__
4)
Does the waiter speak
English? Yes,__
5)
Does the hotel have a
sauna? No,__
6)
Does the bar open at
six? Yes,__
7)
Does he live in London?
No,__
8)
Do you know the answer?
Yes,__
9)
Does he fill in the
application form? Yes,__
10)
Does Kate like the
weather here? Yes,__
B. Make questions
and answers.
Example: What
time/serve/lunch/12.30 to 2.30
What time do you serve lunch?
We serve lunch from 12.30 to 2.30.
1.
What time /serve dinner
2.
How much /single
room/cost/65 pounds
3.
What time /bar
open/seven o’clock
4.
How much /small
beer/cost/1.55 pounds
5.
What time/ have
lunch/12.00-13.00
6.
When / post office /
close / 6 p.m.
New words
a.m. every day head
waiter o’clock
room close get
up leave
open
serve closed go
lunch
p.m. travel post office
Activity.
Work in pairs. Ask
and answer questions about your routines/
What time you
________________get up?
_______ __have breakfast?
________leave your home?
_____ get to your office?
How ______________
travel to college / Institute?
What time
___________have lunch?
__________go home?
What ________do
in the evening?
What time
__________go to bed?
Extra words :
Seasons – summer,
autumn, winter, spring
Meals – breakfast,
lunch, dinner, supper
Titles – Mr.,
Mrs., Miss, Ms.
Restaurant staff – Maitre d’ hotel, waitress, waiter
Passive Voiсe (Страдательный залог)
Страдательный залог употребляется обычно тогда, когда
неизвестно, кто совершает действие. Важно лишь, какое действие совершается и
кто его испытывает.
Форма страдательного залога образуется при помощи
вспомогательного глагола to be в
соответствующем времени, лице, числе и Past Participle (причастие прошедшего времени)
смыслового глагола.
Сравните:
Active Voice Passive
Voice
They answered my question My question was
answered at once
at once.
(by them).
I’m asked меня спрашивают (всегда) I’m being asked
Меня спрашивают (сейчас)
I have been asked меня спросили (уже)
I was asked меня спросили (вчера)
I was being asked меня спросили (в тот момент)
I had been asked меня уже спросили (к тому моменту)
I will be asked будут спрашивать (завтра)
I will have been asked спросят (уже к тому моменту)
English is spoken all over the world.
Are cars made in your country?
He wasn’t injured in the accident.
The thieves weren’t seen by anyone.
I’ve been robbed!
Has my car been repaired?
Driving should be banned in city centres.
Простое будущее
Время
|
We
will quote this price.
We
will not quote this price
|
This
price will be quoted
Эта
цена будет назначена.
This
price will not be quoted.
Эта
цена не будет назначена.
|
Настоящее
Совершенное
Время
|
We
have already quoted this
price.
We
have not quoted this price yet.
|
This
price has already been quoted.
Эта
цена уже назначена.
This
price has not been quoted yet.
Эта
цена еще не назначена.
|
CAN |
We
can quote a lower price.
We
cannot quote a lower price.
|
A
lower price can be quoted.
Может
быть назначена более низкая цена.
A
lower price cannot be quoted.
Более
низкая цена не может быть назначена.
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Social
English:
·
Do you want coffee?
·
Good idea. Could I see the wine list, please?
·
Would you like a dessert?
·
Yes, I’d like some cheese – cake, please.
·
How about some wine?
·
No, I don’t think so.
·
Certainly, madam.
·
What do you recommend?
·
May I suggest Martini dry?
1. Fill in
the blanks using on, in, with:
2. He put the
food ___ the table.
3. She likes
biscuits ____ cheese.
4. The wine
bottle is ____ the bucket ___ the table.
5. I’d like a
green salad ____ my steak.
6. I don’t
like cream ___ my coffee.
7. Do you
have busy time when people are ____ holiday?
8. Sarah
isn’t interested ____ sport.
9. She is
always very friendly ____ us.
10.
What happened ___ Mary last night?
I’d like a
beer. I’ll get one.
I’d like some
bread. I’ll get some.
This spoon is
dirty. I’ll get another.
The water jug is
empty. I’ll get some more.
Respond to the following,
using I’ll get;
1. There is
no pepper on the table.
2. I’d like a
glass of water.
3. My fork is
on the floor.
4. Can I have
an ash-tray?
5. Another
cup of tea, please.
6. This wine
glass is not clean.
7. We’ve no
bread left.
Extra words:
Apple
black-currant strawberry orange
Pine- apple
grape cherry plum
Apricot
pear lemon raison
Raspberry
grapefruit banana kiwi
Peach
gooseberry blackberry
It consists of
… It’s terribly salty.
It contains
… I don’t like to complain, but …
It is made of
… It’s quite uneatable.
My apologies, sir.
Can I get you something
else?
The passive is often used to
describe how things are made or done.
Example: The chef makes
butter from flour, eggs and milk.
Butter is
made from flour, eggs and milk.
1. We make
French dressing from oil and vinegar.
2. The
restaurant serves lunch from 12 to 3.
3. The barman
makes dry martinis from gin and vermouth.
4. The wine
waiter opens the wine at the table.
5. The chef
makes sauce from flour, milk, butter and cheese.
6. The
waiters bring the dishes from the kitchen on trays.
Повторим The Simple Past
tense . Откройте скобки в прошедшем простом времени:
1. They ( arrive) at the hotel yesterday.
2. She ( book
) the table by phone.
3. The chef
(cook ) a wonderful meal.
4. The butter
( melt) in the hot pan.
5. We
(finish) our first course ten minutes ago.
6. He (thank)
us for a nice evening.
7. It (rain)
hard last night.
8. They (
open) the restaurant two weeks ago.
Past
Simple : questions and short answers.
Questions
in the Simple Past use did and the infinitive of the verb.
Short
answers use did or didn’t
Examples:
Did you go to Oxford?
Yes, I did / No, I didn’t
Задайте
вопросы и ответьте на них кратко:
1.They
arrived last night.
1. She spoke
to the manager.
2. He
telephoned the hotel.
3. Mr.
Dreyton called from Italy.
4. She
ordered a dry martini.
5. I went to
work at 8 in the morning yesterday.
6. She
stopped the boy and asked him the way.
7. He played
tennis on Sunday.
8. They lived
in France in 1998.
9. I wanted
to cook an apple pie.
Extra words:
Shelfish
kidney tasteless
Lobster
liver stringy
Crab heart
corked
Crayfish
tripe overcooked
Повторим предлоги. Вставьте предлоги, где это
необходимо:
on, with, in, behind, for, from, at, to:
1. All the
food is cooked ____ this kitchen.
2. The pastry
chef is responsible ___ the hot desserts.
3. You will
help ___ the pasta sauces.
4. The ovens
are ___ the preparation areas.
5. You will
work here ___ me.
6. We prepare
sauces _____ the pasta.
7. The new
commis came ____ the kitchen.
8. The new
commis is ___ the early shift.
9. You start
___ 7 a.m.
10.
You have a break ____ 11 ___ 12.
Extra
words :
Receiver
local call
Dial
long distance / trunk call
International
code collect call
Country
code telex
Telephone
book / directory Fax machine
Payphone
callbox
Answerphone
booth
Переведите
на английский язык. Помните, что “need” может иметь два
значения: «что-то нуждается в том, чтобы с ним что-то было сделано» и «мне
необходимо сделать что-либо»
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