Сочинение: 9 сочинений для 9 класса /english/
Сочинение: 9 сочинений для 9 класса /english/
My first journey
For some people there is nothing so exciting as traveling, and I’m
not an exception. And I’m happy that I have traveled a lot and I hope that my
first journey wasn’t the last one.
First I bought a ticket for plane. Many people think, that nothing
can be compared with traveling by air, because it is the most comfortable, and,
of course, the quickest way of moving. There is none of the dust and dirt of a
railway or car journey, none of the trouble of changing from train of another
to streamer and then to another train. But booking tickets in summer is a
problem. The air-fare is quite expensive and not all people can afford it.
Then I continued my way by the train. This kind of transport has
also many advantages. With a train you have a comfort and speed combined. From
a comfortable corner seat of a railway carriage you have a splendid view of a
countryside. If you are hungry you can have a meal in the dinning-car and if
the journey is long one can have a bed in a sleeper.
But I believe that there is no travel so fine as by ship. It’s
wonderful to feel the deck of the ship under the feet, to see the rise and fall
of the waves, to feel the fresh sea wind blowing in the face, hear the cry of
the sea-gulls. Of course, the voyage isn’t exciting for those who are sea-sick
when the sea is a little bit rough.
Many people say: “Give me a walking tour any time”. And it is not
surprising. The walker leaves the dull, broad highway and goes along little
winding lanes where cars can’t go. He takes mountain paths through the heather,
he wonders by the side of quiet lakes and through the shades of woods.
He sees the real country, the wild flowers, the young birds in their
nests, the deer in the forest, he feels the quietness and calm of nature. And
besides, you are saving a lot of money by traveling on foot. No one can deny
that walking is the cheapest method of traveling.
My work at the foreign trade company
Hello, my name is Maxim Sviridov. I work as a manager at the “Star
tour” company. It is Russian company which works on the business travel market.
Two weeks ago I was sent by the administration of our company to London where I
studied the English travel companies, their traditions, their marketing and
management. Now my business trip is coming to the end and I want to share with
you my impressions of English business world. First of all English businessmen
are well known all over the world for their honesty and decency. If an
Englishman gives you his word he will keep it in any case. Besides that,
nothing can prevent him from refusing the once taken decision. Of course, there
are some exclusions, but they are so rare that nobody should put attention on
them.
During the last two weeks my working day was approximately the same.
Early in the morning I took a taxi to my hosts’ headquarters, which is situated
in the City – the business heart of London. First of all I usually asked Ms.
Lapital – my secretary if there were any letters or cables for me. Then she
gave me my correspondence and fresh newspapers and I followed to my
office-room. There I studied all documents that had come for my name and wrote
a short report about previous business day and then faxed it to my native
company in Vladivostok. After that I went to Mr. Forsberg’s office-room to get
tasks for the new day and ask some questions about their company, its history,
traditions, clients, and so on. After that I usually did what Mr. Forsberg
asked. My usual job was meeting with potential clients, discussing their rest
plans and offering the services of Mr. Forsberg’s company. I usually met with
10 or 12 people a day. They were representatives of different social groups and
communicating with them increased my knowledge of England and Englishmen, their
psychology greatly. This business trip was a great chance for me and I hope I
used this chance fully. Now I know a lot about Western business world, about
travel business and this knowledge will, of course, help my in my future
career.
My breakfast
It is not a secret that our meals influence much on our health and
our mood. That’s why I consider breakfast to be the most important meal in the
day as it is the first our meal and it can put us in good spirits or it can’t.
Now I shall tell you about my breakfast.
In the morning I usually have porridge. I often start my breakfast
with a cereal which is not cooked, it is something dry, ready to be eaten or
muesly – some grain or porridge which is not cooked with dried fruit, nuts and
so on.
I also like eggs (cooked in different ways). I don’t practically eat
butter, I prefer soft margarine – made of vegetable fat, which is not heavy and
creamy. I don’t eat jam at breakfast, I eat marmalade which is not sweet, there
is slight bitterness; it’s rather pleasant.
I usually don’t have substantial breakfast on weekdays, I do it on
weekends when I get up late. Very often I have just tea or coffee with
sandwiches. Tea is usually taken by me with milk. I like very strong tea
without sugar.
Sometimes when I am in hurry I don’t have time to have proper
breakfast and I go to the university being hungry. In such case I usually buy
something like “Snickers” or “Mars” on my way to the Alma Mater.
My district and my flat
As you know, Vladivostok, the capital of the Primorsky region,
occupies the peninsula of Murav’ev-Amursky which is washed by Amur and Ussuri
gulfs. One part of this peninsula, called Egersheld (it was named after one of
the explores of Russian Far-East), is my native district. Egersheld is known
from the foundation of Vladivostok. More then one hundred years ago the first
houses for the seamen appeared in it. Since that time Egersheld is known as the
working center of the city. Now, for example, the territory of the commercial
port is situated in this district. Egersheld is the most environmental friendly
district in the city as it is open to strong sea winds which blow out all
harmful substances in the air and clouds of dust. Of course, this has a
negative side – the average temperature in the district in winter is lower than
in the other parts of Vladivostok. As my native district occupies very special
geographical position (in fact, Egersheld – is a small peninsula of
Murav’ev-Amursky peninsula) so its citizens may admire beautiful sea scenes
every evening when the sun is hiding for the horizon. These seascapes are
really breathtaking and very often you may see dozens of artists trying to
carry this wonderful sight to paper or canvas.
Now about my flat. I live in Sipyagina, 31. Our flat is not very
large, its double-roomed. If you know the word “khrushovka”, you may imagine
what is our flat looks like. Besides these two rooms we also have a kitchen and
a bathroom. I think there is no any outstanding thing in our flat that is worth
describing. We have a TV set in one of the rooms, two wardrobes, two working
tables, and small bookcase where our home library is kept.
Culture in Great Britain
It you're staying in London for a few days, you'll have no
difficulty whatever in finding somewhere to spend an enjoyable evening. You'll
find opera, ballet, comedy, drama, review, musical comedy and variety. Most
theatres and music-halls have good orchestras with popular conductors. At the
West-End theatres you can see most of the famous English actors and actresses.
As a rule, the plays are magnificently staged - costumes, dresses, scenery,
everything being done on the most lavish scale.
The last half of the XVI and the beginning of the XVII centuries are
known as the golden age of English literature, It was the time of the English
Renaissance, and sometimes it is even called "the age of
Shakespeare".
Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, and
probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was born in
Stratford-on-Avon. In spite of his fame we know very little about his life. He
wrote 37 plays. Among them there are deep tragedies, such as Hamlet, King Lear,
Othello, Macbeth, light comedies, such as The Merry Wives of Windsor, All's
Well That Ends Well, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing.
Customs and traditions
I am going to tell you about English customs and traditions. First
of all, it concerns United Kingdom political system. In Great Britain there is
no written constitution, only customs, traditions and precedents. After the
English Revolution of Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy headed by King
(now Queen, Elizabeth the second). Traditionally the Queen acts only on the
advice of her Ministers. She reigns but she does not rule.
Englishmen have traditions not only in political, but in social
life. For example, London, the capital of England, is traditionally divided
into three parts: the West End, the East end, and the City. The City is a
historical, financial and business center of London. The East End is the
district inhabited by the workers, and the West End is a fashionable shopping
and entertaining center. English people like to spend their free time in
numerous pubs where they can have a glass of beer and talk about different
things with their friends.
The English are traditional about their meals. They eat eggs and
bacon with toasts for breakfast, pudding or apple pie for dessert. Every
English family has five o'clock tea. A typical feature of an English house is a
fireplace, even when there is central heating in the house.
English people like domestic animals. Every family has a pet: a dog,
a cat or a bird.
Politeness is a characteristic feature of Englishmen. They often say
"Thank you", "Sorry", "Beg your pardon". Russian
people, I think, have to learn this good custom.
Englishmen have many traditional holidays, such as Christmas,
St.Valentine's Day, Mother's day, Easter and others.
Education in GB
I know English boys and girls begin to go to school (it is called
"infant") at five; at seven they go to junior schools or departments;
at eleven they go to secondary schools. (After selection procedures at the age
of eleven they can study at different types of secondary school: grammar
schools which provide an academic education oriented towards university entry;
secondary modern schools which were originally designed to give a general
education with a practical bias (ХЛМПО); a few secondary techniques schools
offering a general education related to industry, commerce and agriculture; and
schools providing all three or any two types of education, in separately
organized streams known as multilateral or bilateral schools).
These schools consist of denominational and non-denominational
schools. I'd like to yell you about non-denominational school. One must study
there for 6 years. It's open to all boys and girls. There are the six years in
this school. During the first year all classes receive the same basic core of
subjects namely English, maths, history, geography, science, French, art,
music, P.E., technical subjects & home economics. Toward the end of the
second year pupils are asked to make their subject choices for third and forth
years. Decisions on this stage are only taken after interviews involving
parents, staff and the pupils themselves. The curriculum in 3rd and 4th years consists
of compulsory section (ПВСЪБФЕМШОПЕ ТБЪДЕМЕОЙЕ) which includes English, math
and an options section made up of those subjects chosen by the pupil at the end
of the second year. Optional courses are designed to give a sound basic
education.
The system of higher education in Britain includes universities,
colleges of education and advanced courses at various colleges.
There are more than 44 universities in Britain. But not all
universities are equal. They differ from one another in history and tradition.
The oldest and world-known universities are Oxford and Cambridge.
A university usually consists of colleges. The departments of the
colleges are organized into faculties. In the university students have a series
of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes. Lectures are given to
large groups of students while seminars are much smaller than lectures.
Lectures and seminars are all one hour in length, laboratory classes last 2 or
3 hours. The academic year divides into 3 terms. First two terms last for 24
weeks; the 3rd term is reserved for classes and examinations and lasts for six
weeks.
After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the
Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. Student can continue to take his
Master's Degree and then the Doctor's.
Education in Russia
Citizens of Russia have the right to education which is guaranteed
by the Constitution. The public educational system in our country incorporates
pre-school, general school, specialized secondary and higher education.
Pre-school consists of kindergartens and crèches. Children
there learn reading, writing and arithmetic. But pre-school education isn't
compulsory - children can get it at home.
Compulsory education is for children from 6(7) to 17 years of age.
The main link in the system of education is the general school which
prepares the younger generation for life and work in modern production. There
are various types of schools: general secondary schools, schools specializing
in a certain subject, high schools, lyceums and so on. Tuition in most of them
is free of charge, but some new types of schools are fee-paying. The term of
study in a general secondary school is 11 years and consists of primary, middle
and upper stages. At the middle stage of a secondary school the children learn
the basic laws of nature and society at the lessons of history, algebra,
literature, physics and many others.
After 9th form pupils have to sit for examinations. Also they have a
choice between entering the 10th grade of a general secondary school and
enrolling in a specialized secondary or vocational school.
Persons who finish the general secondary school, receive a secondary
education certificate, giving them the right to enter any higher educational
establishment. Entrance examinations are held in July and August. Institutions
are headed by rectors; the faculties are headed by the deans. One has to study
in the institute for 5 years. Higher educational institutions train students in
one or several specializations.
Sports in our life
Sport is very important in our life. It is popular among young and
old people. Many people do morning exercises, jog in the morning, train them
self’s in clubs and different sections. Other people like sport too; they only
watch sports game on TV and listen the sports news. Whey prefers reading
interesting stores about sports men but they do not go in for sports.
Physical training is an important subject in school. Pupils have
physical training twice a week. Boys and girls play volleyball and basketball
at the lessons. There is a sport ground near our school and school children go
in for sports in the open air. A lot of different competitions are held at
school. A great number of pupils take part in them. All participants try to get
good results and become winner.
Sport helps people to keep in good health. If you go in for sports
you don’t catch cold. Children and grown-ups must take care of they health and
do morning exercises regularly. There are some popular kinds of sport in our
country: football, volleyball, hockey, gymnastics, skiing and other. Athletic
is one of the most popular kinds of sport. It includes running, jamming and
others.
My favorite sport is swimming. I go to the swimming pool twice a
week. I prefer to rest by the lake or river and swim there. My friend goes in
for boxing. He is a good boxer. His hobby helps him in his every day life.
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